移动应用测试安装 | 开发者指南 | Nightwatch.js 测试框架

概述

为了使用 Nightwatch 运行移动应用测试，需要安装一些东西

Appium
命令行工具
各个平台的 SDK
虚拟设备

但是，Nightwatch 通过 Mobile Helper 工具简化了所有这些的设置。

设置新项目

运行时

npm init nightwatch <directory-name>

出现的第一个问题是

? Select testing type to setup for your project (Press <space> 
to select,<a> to toggle all,<i> to invert selection,and 
<enter> to proceed)
❯◯ End-to-End testing
 ◯ Component testing
 ◉ Mobile app testing

确保选择了移动应用测试。其余的将是一系列您需要经历的问题/步骤，Nightwatch 将完成安装所有必需内容或在需要时提供说明的繁重工作。

如果您只打算进行移动应用测试，则可以使用以下命令使用应用模式启动 Nightwatch 安装

npm init nightwatch@latest <foldername> -- --app

如果您选择 Android，需要注意 1 点。只有在您没有安装 SDK 时才选择默认选项，以避免重复下载 SDK。如果您已经安装了 SDK，请在出现此问题时提供路径。

? Where do you want the Android SDK setup? Please give the path 
to your existing setup (if any): 
(/Users/vishal/Library/Android/sdk)

就是这样。Nightwatch 移动应用测试设置完成！

将移动应用测试添加到现有项目

Android

步骤 1
转到 Nightwatch 项目目录并运行以下命令

npx @nightwatch/mobile-helper android --appium

步骤 2
根据您的需求回答问题。

如果您选择 Android，需要注意 1 点。只有在您没有安装 SDK 时才选择默认选项，以避免重复下载 SDK。如果您已经安装了 SDK，请在出现此问题时提供路径。

? Where do you want the Android SDK setup? Please give the path 
to your existing setup (if any): 
(/Users/vishal/Library/Android/sdk)

s

步骤 3
验证后，如果所有要求都没有满足或出现错误，请按照说明解决这些问题。

步骤 4
接下来，使用以下命令在项目中设置 Appium 2。

npm i appium@next --save-dev

步骤 5
为 Android 安装 Appium UiAutomator2 驱动程序

npx appium driver install uiautomator2

步骤 6
下载示例 wikipedia 应用并将其保存到项目的根目录（与 nightwatch.conf.js 文件并排）。

步骤 7 为 Android 模拟器和真实设备添加 Nightwatch 环境。

nightwatch.conf.json

{
    ...
    'test_settings':{
        app: {
            selenium: {
                start_process: true,
                use_appium: true,
                host: 'localhost',
                port: 4723,
                server_path: '',
                // args to pass when starting the Appium server
                cli_args: [
                // automatically download the required chromedriver
                // '--allow-insecure=chromedriver_autodownload'
                ],
                // Remove below line if using Appium v1
                default_path_prefix: ''
            },
            webdriver: {
                timeout_options: {
                timeout: 150000,
                retry_attempts: 3
                },
                keep_alive: false,
                start_process: false
            }
        },
        'app.android.emulator': {
            extends: 'app',
            'desiredCapabilities': {
                // More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-uiautomator2-driver#capabilities
                browserName: null,
                platformName: 'android',
                // `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
                // If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
                // and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
                'appium:options': {
                automationName: 'UiAutomator2',
                // Android Virtual Device to run tests on
                avd: 'nightwatch-android-11',
                // While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
                // Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
                app: `${__dirname}/wikipedia.apk`,
                appPackage: 'org.wikipedia',
                appActivity: 'org.wikipedia.main.MainActivity',
                appWaitActivity: 'org.wikipedia.onboarding.InitialOnboardingActivity',
                // chromedriver executable to use for testing web-views in hybrid apps.
                // add '.exe' at the end below (making it 'chromedriver.exe') if testing on windows.
                chromedriverExecutable: `${__dirname}/chromedriver-mobile/chromedriver`,
                newCommandTimeout: 0
                }
            }
        },
        'app.android.real': {
            extends: 'app',
            'desiredCapabilities': {
                // More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-uiautomator2-driver#capabilities
                browserName: null,
                platformName: 'android',
                // `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
                // If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
                // and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
                'appium:options': {
                    automationName: 'UiAutomator2',
                    // While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
                    // Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
                    app: `${__dirname}/nightwatch/sample-apps/wikipedia.apk`,
                    appPackage: 'org.wikipedia',
                    appActivity: 'org.wikipedia.main.MainActivity',
                    appWaitActivity: 'org.wikipedia.onboarding.InitialOnboardingActivity',
                    // 'chromedriver' binary is required while testing hybrid mobile apps.
                    // 
                    // Set `chromedriverExecutable` to '' to use binary from `chromedriver` NPM package (if installed).
                    // Or,put '--allow-insecure=chromedriver_autodownload' in `cli_args` property of `selenium`
                    // config (see 'app' env above) to automatically download the required version of chromedriver
                    // (delete `chromedriverExecutable` capability below in that case).
                    chromedriverExecutable: '',
                    newCommandTimeout: 0,
                    // add device id of the device to run tests on,if multiple devices are online
                    // Run command: `$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools/adb devices` to get all connected devices
                    // udid: '',
                }
            }
        },
    }
}

步骤 8 将以下示例测试文件添加到 nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-android.js 文件下

nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-android.js


describe('Wikipedia Android app test',function(){
    before(function(app) {
        app.click('id','org.wikipedia:id/fragment_onboarding_skip_button');
    });
    it('Search for BrowserStack',async function(app) {
        app
            .click('id','org.wikipedia:id/search_container')
            .sendKeys('id','org.wikipedia:id/search_src_text','browserstack')
            .click({selector: 'org.wikipedia:id/page_list_item_title',locateStrategy: 'id',index: 0})
            .waitUntil(async function() {
                // wait for webview context to be available
                const contexts = await this.appium.getContexts();
                

                return contexts.includes('WEBVIEW_org.wikipedia');
            })
            .appium.setContext('WEBVIEW_org.wikipedia')
            .assert.textEquals('.pcs-edit-section-title','BrowserStack');  // command run in webview context
    });
});

完成！🎉 您的 Android 设置现在已完成。

iOS

步骤 1
转到 Nightwatch 项目目录并运行以下命令

npx @nightwatch/mobile-helper ios --setups

步骤 2
根据您的需求回答问题。

步骤 3
验证后，如果所有要求都没有满足或出现错误，请按照说明解决这些问题。

步骤 4
完成此操作后，使用以下命令在项目中设置 Appium 2

npm i appium@next --save-dev

步骤 5
使用以下命令为 iOS 安装 Appium XCUITest 驱动程序

npx appium driver install xcuitest

步骤 6
下载示例 wikipedia 应用并将其保存到项目的根目录（与 nightwatch.conf.js 文件并排）。

步骤 7 为 iOS 模拟器和真实设备添加 Nightwatch 环境

nightwatch.conf.json

{
    ...
    'test_settings':{
        // other envs above this line
        app: {
            selenium: {
                start_process: true,
                use_appium: true,
                host: 'localhost',
                port: 4723,
                server_path: '',
                // args to pass when starting the Appium server
                cli_args: [
                // automatically download the required chromedriver
                // '--allow-insecure=chromedriver_autodownload'
                ],
                // Remove below line if using Appium v1
                default_path_prefix: ''
            },
            webdriver: {
                timeout_options: {
                timeout: 150000,
                retry_attempts: 3
                },
                keep_alive: false,
                start_process: false
            }
        },
        

        'app.ios.simulator': {
            extends: 'app',
            'desiredCapabilities': {
                // More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#capabilities
                browserName: null,
                platformName: 'ios',
                // `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
                // If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
                // and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
                'appium:options': {
                automationName: 'XCUITest',
                // platformVersion: '15.5',
                deviceName: 'iPhone 13',
                // While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
                // Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
                app: `${__dirname}/wikipedia.zip`,
                bundleId: 'org.wikimedia.wikipedia',
                newCommandTimeout: 0
                }
            }
        },
        

        'app.ios.real': {
            extends: 'app',
            'desiredCapabilities': {
                // More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#capabilities
                browserName: null,
                platformName: 'ios',
                // `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
                // If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
                // and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
                'appium:options': {
                    automationName: 'XCUITest',
                    // While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
                    // Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
                    app: `${__dirname}/wikipedia.zip`,
                    bundleId: 'org.wikimedia.wikipedia',
                    newCommandTimeout: 0,
                    // add udid of the device to run tests on. Or,pass the id to `--deviceId` flag when running tests.
                    // device id could be retrieved from Xcode > Window > 'Devices and Simulators' window.
                    // udid: '00008030-00024C2C3453402E'
                }
            }
        },
    }
}

步骤 8 将以下示例测试文件添加到 nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-ios.js 文件下

nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-ios.js

describe('Wikipedia iOS app test',function() {
    before(function(app) {
        app.click('xpath','//XCUIElementTypeButton[@name="Skip"]');
    });
    it('Search for BrowserStack',async function(app) {
        app
            .useXpath()
            .click('//XCUIElementTypeSearchField[@name="Search Wikipedia"]')
            .sendKeys('//XCUIElementTypeSearchField[@name="Search Wikipedia"]','browserstack')
            .click('//XCUIElementTypeStaticText[@name="BrowserStack"]')
            .waitUntil(async function() {
            // wait for webview context to be available
            const contexts = await this.appium.getContexts();
            

            return contexts.length > 1;
            },5000)
            .perform(async function() {
            // switch to webview context
            const contexts = await this.appium.getContexts();
            

            await this.appium.setContext(contexts[1]);
            })
            .useCss()
            .assert.textEquals('.pcs-edit-section-title','BrowserStack');  // command run in webview context
    });
});

恭喜您，您的 iOS 设置已完成

验证设置

安装完成后，使用以下命令验证设置，以使用以下命令在 Android 模拟器上运行示例测试

npx nightwatch nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-android.js --env app.android.emulator

或在 iOS 模拟器上运行

npx nightwatch./nightwatch/examples/mobile-app-tests/wikipedia-ios.js --env app.ios.simulator

安装 Appium Inspector

Appium 检查器将非常有助于识别选择器和调试测试。要安装 Appium 检查器，请访问 Appium Inspector 版本并下载最新版本。安装后，只需打开 Appium 检查器，您就可以开始了。以下是该应用程序在 Mac 上的外观。

Appium Inspector

Nightwatch 的移动应用测试安装

概述

设置新项目

将移动应用测试添加到现有项目

Android

iOS

验证设置

安装 Appium Inspector

推荐的下一步

在本页上

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