运行原生移动应用测试 | 开发者指南

概述

Nightwatch 测试可以在 Android 模拟器、iOS 模拟器、真实的 Android 和 iOS 设备以及云提供商上运行。类似于 Web 自动化，原生移动应用自动化也利用了环境的概念。要在任何地方运行测试套件，您只需配置一次环境并在测试运行命令中使用它即可。

Android 模拟器

步骤 1

确保在 nightwatch.conf.js 文件中添加了环境

nightwatch.conf.js

test_settings: {
  ...
  app: {
      selenium: {
        start_process: true,
        use_appium: true,
        host: 'localhost',
        port: 4723,
        server_path: '',
        // args to pass when starting the Appium server
        cli_args: [
          // automatically download the required chromedriver
          // '--allow-insecure=chromedriver_autodownload'
        ],
        // Uncomment below line when using Appium v2
        // default_path_prefix: ''
      },
      webdriver: {
        timeout_options: {
          timeout: 150000,
          retry_attempts: 3
        },
        keep_alive: false,
        start_process: false
      }
  },
  

   'app.android.emulator': {
      extends: 'app',
      'desiredCapabilities': {
        // More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-uiautomator2-driver#capabilities
        browserName: null,
        platformName: 'android',
        // `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
        // If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
        // and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
        'appium:options': {
          automationName: 'UiAutomator2',
          // Android Virtual Device to run tests on
          avd: 'nightwatch-android-11',
          // While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
          // Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
          app: `${__dirname}/nightwatch/sample-apps/wikipedia.apk`,
          appPackage: 'org.wikipedia',
          appActivity: 'org.wikipedia.main.MainActivity',
          appWaitActivity: 'org.wikipedia.onboarding.InitialOnboardingActivity',
          // chromedriver executable to use for testing web-views in hybrid apps
          chromedriverExecutable: `${__dirname}/chromedriver-mobile/chromedriver`,
          newCommandTimeout: 0
        }
      }
    },
    ...
}

步骤 2

确保您将以下值替换为您的应用程序的值

app
appPackage
appActivity
appWaitActivity

步骤 3

使用以下命令运行测试

npx nightwatch <path to tests> --env app.android.emulator

iOS 模拟器

步骤 1

在 nightwatch.conf.js 文件中添加环境。确保如 Android 模拟器示例所示添加了 app 块，因为 app.ios.simulator 扩展了 app

nightwatch.conf.js


test_setting:{
  ...
  'app.ios.simulator': {
      extends: 'app',
      'desiredCapabilities': {
        // More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#capabilities
        browserName: null,
        platformName: 'ios',
        // `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
        // If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
        // and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
        'appium:options': {
          automationName: 'XCUITest',
          // platformVersion: '15.5',
          deviceName: 'iPhone 13',
          // While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
          // Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
          app: `${__dirname}/nightwatch/sample-apps/wikipedia.zip`,
          bundleId: 'org.wikimedia.wikipedia',
          newCommandTimeout: 0
        }
      }
    },
  ...
}

步骤 2

确保您将以下内容替换为与您的应用程序相对应的值

app
deviceName
bundleId

步骤 3

使用以下命令运行测试

npx nightwatch <path to tests> --env app.ios.simulator

真实的 Android 设备

您可以在您可能拥有的真实的 Android 设备上运行 Nightwatch 测试。按照这三个简单的步骤，您将看到测试在您的真实的 Android 设备上执行。

步骤 1

在 nightwatch.conf.js 文件中添加环境。确保如 Android 模拟器示例所示添加了 app 块，因为 app.android.real 扩展了 app

nightwatch.conf.js


'app.android.real': {
    extends: 'app',
    'desiredCapabilities': {
      // More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-uiautomator2-driver#capabilities
      browserName: null,
      platformName: 'android',
      // `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
      // If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
      // and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
      'appium:options': {
        automationName: 'UiAutomator2',
        // While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
        // Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
        app: `${__dirname}/nightwatch/sample-apps/wikipedia.apk`,
        appPackage: 'org.wikipedia',
        appActivity: 'org.wikipedia.main.MainActivity',
        appWaitActivity: 'org.wikipedia.onboarding.InitialOnboardingActivity',
        // 'chromedriver' binary is required while testing hybrid mobile apps.
        // 
        // Set `chromedriverExecutable` to '' to use binary from `chromedriver` NPM package (if installed).
        // Or,put '--allow-insecure=chromedriver_autodownload' in `cli_args` property of `selenium`
        // config (see 'app' env above) to automatically download the required version of chromedriver
        // (delete `chromedriverExecutable` capability below in that case).
        chromedriverExecutable: '',
        newCommandTimeout: 0,
        // add device id of the device to run tests on,if multiple devices are online
        // Run command: `$ANDROID_HOME/platform-tools/adb devices` to get all connected devices
        // udid: '',
      }
    }
  },

步骤 2

确保您替换以下值

app
appPackage
appActivity
appWaitActivity
udid 需要识别需要运行测试的设备，如果有多个设备在线

步骤 3

确保您的设备已正确设置以通过以下步骤与 Nightwatch 进行通信

在您的 Android 设备上打开 USB 调试并通过数据线将其连接到您的系统。
确保您的 Android 设备上安装了最新版本的 Chrome 浏览器。如果没有，请从 Google Play 商店安装。
确保在您的项目中安装了最新版本的 chromedriver NPM 包。如果没有，请通过运行以下命令安装

npm i chromedriver@latest --save-dev

步骤 4

使用以下命令运行测试

npx nightwatch <path to tests> --env app.android.real

真实的 iOS 设备

与在真实的 Android 设备上运行测试类似，您也可以在真实的 iOS 设备上运行 Nightwatch 测试。

步骤 1

在 nightwatch.conf.js 文件中添加环境。确保如 Android 模拟器示例所示添加了 app 块，因为 app.ios.real 扩展了 app

nightwatch.conf.js


'app.ios.real': {
    extends: 'app',
    'desiredCapabilities': {
      // More capabilities can be found at https://github.com/appium/appium-xcuitest-driver#capabilities
      browserName: null,
      platformName: 'ios',
      // `appium:options` is not natively supported in Appium v1,but works with Nightwatch.
      // If copying these capabilities elsewhere while using Appium v1,make sure to remove `appium:options`
      // and add `appium:` prefix to each one of its capabilities,e.g. change 'app' to 'appium:app'.
      'appium:options': {
        automationName: 'XCUITest',
        // While Appium v1 supports relative paths,it's more safe to use absolute paths instead.
        // Appium v2 does not support relative paths.
        app: `${__dirname}/nightwatch/sample-apps/wikipedia.zip`,
        bundleId: 'org.wikimedia.wikipedia',
        newCommandTimeout: 0,
        // add udid of the device to run tests on. Or,pass the id to `--deviceId` flag when running tests.
        // device id could be retrieved from Xcode > Window > 'Devices and Simulators' window.
        // udid: '00008030-00024C2C3453402E'
      }
    }
  },

步骤 2

确保您将以下内容替换为与您的应用程序相对应的值

app
deviceName
bundleId
udid 需要识别需要运行测试的设备，如果有多个设备在线

步骤 3

使用以下命令运行测试

npx nightwatch <path to tests> --env app.ios.real

BrowserStack

Nightwatch 移动应用测试也可以与 BrowserStack 等云提供商合作，以便您可以在 3000 多台真实的设备上利用并行运行。

步骤 1

在 nightwatch.conf.js 文件中添加 browserstack & android & ios 环境块，如下所示

nightwatch.conf.js


test_settings:{
  ...
  browserstack: {
    selenium: {
      host: 'hub.browserstack.com',
      port: 443
    },
    desiredCapabilities: {
      'bstack:options': {
        userName: '<username>',
        accessKey: '<access_key>',
        appiumVersion: '2.0.0'
      }
    },
    disable_error_log: false,
    webdriver: {
      timeout_options: {
        timeout: 60000,
        retry_attempts: 3
      },
      keep_alive: true,
      start_process: false
    }
  },
  'browserstack.android': {
    extends: 'browserstack',
    'desiredCapabilities': {
      browserName: null,
      'appium:options': {
        automationName: 'UiAutomator2',
        app: 'wikipedia-sample-app',// custom-id of the uploaded app
        appPackage: 'org.wikipedia',
        appActivity: 'org.wikipedia.main.MainActivity',
        appWaitActivity: 'org.wikipedia.onboarding.InitialOnboardingActivity',
        platformVersion: '11.0',
        deviceName: 'Google Pixel 5'
      },
      appUploadUrl: 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/priyansh3133/wikipedia/main/wikipedia.apk',// url of app to be uploaded to BrowserStack before starting the test
      // appUploadPath: '../../../path/to/app_name.apk' // if the app needs to be uploaded to BrowserStack from local system
    }
  },
  'browserstack.ios': {
    extends: 'browserstack',
    'desiredCapabilities': {
      browserName: null,
      platformName: 'ios',
      'appium:options': {
        automationName: 'XCUITest',
        app: 'BStackSampleApp',
        platformVersion: '16',
        deviceName: 'iPhone 14'
      },
      appUploadUrl: 'https://www.browserstack.com/app-automate/sample-apps/ios/BStackSampleApp.ipa',
      // appUploadPath: '../../../path/to/app_name.ipa'
    }
  ...
}

步骤 2

确保您将以下内容替换为与您的应用程序相对应的值

Browserstack 用户名
BrowserStack 密钥
app
appPackage
appActivity
appWaitActivity
deviceName
platformVersion
appUploadUrl 被测应用程序的公共 URL

步骤 3

使用以下命令运行测试

npx nightwatch <path to tests> --env browserstack.android

npx nightwatch <path to tests> --env browserstack.ios

在真实、虚拟和云设备上运行测试

概述

Android 模拟器

步骤 1

步骤 2

步骤 3

iOS 模拟器

步骤 1

步骤 2

步骤 3

真实的 Android 设备

步骤 1

步骤 2

步骤 3

步骤 4

真实的 iOS 设备

步骤 1

步骤 2

步骤 3

BrowserStack

步骤 1

步骤 2

步骤 3

推荐的下一步

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